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19 lutego 2025 11:57

Firearms ownership in Poland



Owning firearms in Poland is legal, but the process requires meeting strictly defined conditions. These regulations stem from policies aimed at ensuring public safety and minimizing the risk of illegal firearm use. A crucial step in acquiring firearms is obtaining a permit and a firearms authorization document (known as a promesa), which enables their purchase. This article provides detailed information about the procedures, documents, and requirements associated with firearm ownership in Poland.

What is a firearms authorization (Promesa)?

A promesa is an official document issued by the Provincial Police Commander that allows the legal purchase of firearms and ammunition. This document is mandatory for each firearm transaction and includes detailed information about the type of firearm, the number of units, and the quantity of ammunition that can be purchased.

Firearms sellers require buyers to present:

  • An identity document,
  • The promesa,
  • A firearms permit.

After completing the transaction, the promesa is retained by the seller, and the buyer is required to register the purchased firearm within five calendar days. The promesa also allows for the purchase of ammunition of the appropriate caliber; however, subsequent ammunition purchases are conducted using a firearm owner's card.

How to obtain a Promesa for firearm purchase

To obtain a promesa for purchasing firearms, several procedural steps must be completed:

  1. Submitting an Application
    • The application for a promesa is submitted to the Administrative Proceedings Department of the Provincial Police Headquarters.
    • The application form is defined by a regulation on the templates for firearm ownership credentials and certificates.
    • The application should specify the purpose for which the firearm will be used (e.g., sport, hunting, collecting).
  2. Application Verification
    • The police verify whether the applicant holds a valid firearm permit and meets formal requirements.
    • The verification process includes document analysis and potential consultation with other units.
  3. Issuance of the Promesa
    • Upon successful verification, the applicant receives the promesa, which specifies the maximum number of firearms and ammunition that can be purchased.

Types of firearms and their intended uses

In Poland, firearm permits are issued for specific types of firearms and purposes of use. The main categories include:

  • Sporting Firearms: For individuals actively engaged in sports shooting. Applicants must be members of sports clubs and possess proof of participation in competitions.
  • Hunting Firearms: For hunting purposes by members of the Polish Hunting Association. Hunting licenses are required.
  • Collectible Firearms: For collectors who must demonstrate active involvement in developing their collections.
  • Memorial Firearms: Acquired for sentimental purposes but subject to usage restrictions.

How many firearms and ammunition can be purchased?

The promesa specifies the maximum number of firearms and ammunition that can be purchased. Compliance with these limits is crucial, as sellers are prohibited from issuing more than the document allows. According to regulations:

  • The seller must retain the promesa after the transaction.
  • The document cannot be reused, even if fewer items were purchased than authorized.

Additional ammunition purchases require a firearm owner’s card, issued by the Administrative Proceedings Department.

Validity of the Promesa

The promesa does not have a specified expiration date. It can be used at any time after issuance, but the purchased firearm must be registered within five days of the purchase date. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in legal penalties.

Who Issues firearm permits?

Firearm permits and promesas are issued by the Provincial Police Commander. The process includes:

  • Submitting an application with required documents, such as a certificate of no criminal record and psychological evaluation results.
  • A thorough verification of the applicant's credibility and justification for owning a firearm.

If approved, the applicant receives the documents necessary for the legal possession of firearms.

Owning firearms in Poland is possible but requires fulfilling numerous formal requirements. Obtaining a promesa is an essential step that regulates the type and quantity of firearms and ammunition that can be purchased. The procedures for permits and promesas are meticulously defined to ensure public safety and prevent misuse. Individuals interested in firearm ownership should familiarize themselves with the applicable regulations to avoid potential legal issues.